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Difference between revisions of "Philosophy"
→Common Philosophies
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[[Utilitarianism]] is likely the most common framework read in LD. Used as the framework for [[policy]] positions, utilitarian frameworks center around maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain. | [[Utilitarianism]] is likely the most common framework read in LD. Used as the framework for [[policy]] positions, utilitarian frameworks center around maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain. | ||
[[Kant]] | [[Kant]] is probably the most popular framework besides for util read in LD. Kant's philosophy centers around recognizing all agents as rational, which implies treating people equally and respecting their freedom. | ||
[[Hobbes]] | [[Hobbes]] is another popular political philosophy used in LD. Hobbes' philosophy involves recognizing the state as the ultimate source of power and respecting its wishes. | ||
[[Virtue Ethics]] | [[Virtue Ethics]] is a philosophy centered around turning moral agents into better people by improving their character. Unlike other frameworks which judge actions or right as wrong based on some rule, virtue ethics aims to turn agents into inherently better people. | ||
[[Contractarianism]] | [[Contractarianism]] is a framework that argues agents should respect contracts, or agreements, that they have made with each other. It argues that other frameworks are not binding since people find their own sources of good, and the only achievable goal is to honor contracts so that everyone can achieve what they best want. | ||
[[Existentialism]] | [[Existentialism]] is a framework largely centered around discovery and meaning-creation. Existentialists would allow people to express and explore their own identities to find meaning in life, without pushing people into boxes. | ||
[[Levinas]] | [[Levinas]] is a framework that is focused around respecting the Other. The Other, which represents a person that is not oneself, is infinitely unknowable and deserves respect, and should not be totalized. | ||
[[Moral Skepticism]] | [[Moral Skepticism]] is not a philosophical framework, as it advocates the opposite of what other frameworks say! Skepticism argues that it is impossible to be moral, and the quest for moral truth is meaningless. | ||
[[Plato]] | [[Plato]] establishes that an ideal, perfect, and abstract form exists of any object, and charges us with discovering and attempting to find these forms in our lives. | ||
[[Rawls]] | [[Rawls]] is a political philosopher who coined the veil of ignorance, the concept that we should take any action by imagining we live behind the veil of ignorance, in that we know nothing about our personal identity or lives so that personal biases don't influence our thoughts on a particular action. | ||
[[Hegel]] | [[Hegel]] establishes the concept of an ethical community, or a community of agents, and charges us recognizing others within these ethical communities. | ||
[[Pragmatism]] | [[Pragmatism]] is an American philosophy that is centered around truth-creation and finding truth. It argues that we learn truth from the experiences we are subjected to, and advocates a philosophy of exploration to further help is attain truth. | ||
[[Intuitionism]] | [[Intuitionism]] is a philosophy that argues moral actions are those that stem from our intuitions. | ||
[[Particularism]] | [[Particularism]] is a position that argues that blanket-statement moral statements are invalid without accounting for the particularity of various scenarios. This almost always negates by proving the resolution is too broad of a statement. | ||
[[Pettit]] | [[Pettit]], or non-domination, is another political philosophy that provides an alternative account of freedom and attempts to uphold said account. Non-domination is to be free from the arbitrary-interference of another agent to impede upon one's ends, in contrast to non-interference, which is is to be free only if one's ends are not being actively impeded upon. | ||
== Other Concepts == | == Other Concepts == | ||
[[Act-Omission Distinction]] | [[Act-Omission Distinction]] | ||